My MacBook is running macOS Ventura 13.4.1. I stopped my research after receiving information that my Xcode version does not support my phone version. But I thought maybe there is a solution and wanted to ask. The iPhone 5s is running iOS 12.5.7.
Error Page
You cannot run directly from Xcode to your phone. But you can certainly run your built app on your phone to see how it looks and behaves!
First make sure your deployment target is low enough. Then just use Xcode to archive your app and upload to TestFlight, and then use TestFlight app on your phone to download that build.
If that doesn't work for you, you could do an ad hoc build instead. But TestFlight is simpler because you don't need to configure any special provisioning.