I am working on implementing Prim's algorithm in C++ to find the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST). However, I've encountered a persistent "EXC_BAD_ACCESS" error that occurs at the line key[src] = 0;.
The code reads input from a text file, e.g., "example.txt." Each line of the file begins with a vertex number. Following the vertex number are pairs of numbers, xij is the jth neighbor of vertex i (vertex labels are 0 through n), and wij is the weight of that edge.
0 x01 w01 x02 w02 x03 w03...
1 x11 w11 x12 w12 x13 w13 ...
n xn1 wn1 xn2 wn2 xn3 wn3 ...
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <queue>
#include <utility>
#include <limits>
using namespace std;
// iPair ==> Integer Pair
typedef pair<int, double> iPair; // Changed to support double weights
// This class represents a weighted graph using adjacency list representation
class Graph {
int V; // Number of vertices
// In a weighted graph, we need to store vertex and weight pair for every edge
list<pair<int, double>> *adj;
public:
Graph(int V); // Constructor
// Function to add an edge to the graph
void addEdge(int u, int v, double w); // Changed to support double weights
// Print MST using Prim's algorithm
void primMST();
};
// Allocates memory for the adjacency list
Graph::Graph(int V) {
this->V = V;
adj = new list<iPair>[V];
}
void Graph::addEdge(int u, int v, double w) { // Changed to support double weights
adj[u].push_back(make_pair(v, w));
adj[v].push_back(make_pair(u, w));
}
void Graph::primMST() {
// Create a priority queue to store vertices that
// are being primMST. This is a min-heap.
priority_queue<iPair, vector<iPair>, greater<iPair>> pq;
int src = 0; // Taking vertex 0 as source
// Create a vector for keys and initialize all keys as infinite
vector<double> key(V, numeric_limits<double>::max());
// To store parent array which in turn stores MST
vector<int> parent(V, -1);
// To keep track of vertices included in MST
vector<bool> inMST(V, false);
// Insert source itself into the priority queue and initialize its key as 0.
pq.push(make_pair(0, src));
key[src] = 0;
// Loop until the priority queue becomes empty
while (!pq.empty()) {
int u = pq.top().second;
pq.pop();
// Ignore vertices that have already been included in MST
if (inMST[u]) {
continue;
}
inMST[u] = true; // Include vertex in MST
// Iterate over all adjacent vertices
for (auto i = adj[u].begin(); i != adj[u].end(); ++i) {
int v = (*i).first;
double weight = (*i).second;
if (!inMST[v] && key[v] > weight) {
// Update key of v
key[v] = weight;
pq.push(make_pair(key[v], v));
parent[v] = u;
}
}
}
// Print MST in the format you specified
for (int i = 0; i < V; ++i) {
cout << i << " ";
for (auto it = adj[i].begin(); it != adj[i].end(); ++it) {
int v = it->first;
double weight = it->second;
if (v == parent[i]) {
cout << v << " " << weight << " ";
}
}
cout << endl;
}
}
int main() {
ifstream inputFile("example.txt");
if (!inputFile) {
cerr << "Failed to open the input file." << endl;
return 1;
}
int V; // Number of vertices
inputFile >> V;
Graph g(V);
int vertex, neighborCount;
double weight;
for (int i = 0; i < V; ++i) {
inputFile >> vertex >> neighborCount;
for (int j = 0; j < neighborCount; ++j) {
inputFile >> vertex >> weight;
g.addEdge(i, vertex, weight);
}
}
g.primMST();
inputFile.close();
return 0;
}
The input:
0 1 8.0 2 5.0
1 0 8.0 2 4.0 3 6.0 4 3.0
2 0 5.0 1 4.0 4 2.0
3 1 6.0 4 5.0 5 1.0
4 1 3.0 2 2.0 3 5.0 5 4.0
5 3 1.0 4 4.0
output should be
0 2 5.0
1 4 3.0
2 0 5.0 4 2.0
3 5 1.0
4 1 3.0 2 2.0 5 4.0
5 3 1.0 4 4.0