What are the general techniques that allow for a HTTP page to respond to new information on a server (meta refresh, polling, etc)?

Question

I'm looking for a timeline of historic to modern approaches to updating client side content.

Take for example the process of ordering, preparing, and delivering a pizza. What are the various techniques that are possible to update client side state?

So far I have

• Meta Refresh (ancient)
• Javascript polling
• Websockets
• Quic
• Spdy
• HTTP/2 implementation of SPDY

Do other techniques exist? If so what are they?

Answer 1

Streams

Streams API for Javascript is the most modern way for a webpage to subscribe and be notified from a server. It is built using the stream concept in HTTP/2 (SPDY related) and the stream concept in HTTP/3 (QUIC related).

There are some protocols built on top of these concepts, e.g. gRPC and RSocket