Unsatisfied dependencies using CDI with Weld when running unit tests on Java SE

Question

I have a small (Java SE 11.x) project where I'm testing CDI with Weld. I have these dependencies (among others but these are the relevant ones for this issue):

implementation("org.jboss.weld.se:weld-se-core:4.0.0.Final")

runtimeOnly("javax:javaee-api:8.0.1")

testImplementation("org.jboss.weld:weld-junit5:2.0.2.Final")

Then I have a simple entity class:

@Entity
@Table(name = "spell_books")
public final class SpellBook extends AbstractPersistable {
  @Id
  @GeneratedValue(generator = "uuid2")
  @GenericGenerator(name = "uuid2", strategy = "uuid2")
  @Column(name = "id", nullable = false, updatable = false)
  private UUID id;

  @Column(name = "name")
  private String name;

  // ...some one-to-many and many-to-may relationships

  public SpellBook() { // No-args constructor required by JPA
    spells = new LinkedList<>();
    wizards = new LinkedList<>();
  }

  public SpellBook(final String name) {
    this();
    this.name = name;
  }

  public void add(final Spell spell) {
    spell.setSpellBook(this);
    spells.add(spell);
  }
}

@MappedSuperclass
public abstract class AbstractPersistable implements Serializable {
  @Version
  @Column(name = "version")
  private Long version;
}

...and a DAO class to interface with the database:

import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j2;

@Log4j2
@Singleton
public class SpellBookDao extends AbstractJpaDao<SpellBook> {
  public Optional<SpellBook> findByName(final String name) {
    logger.debug("Searching spell book with name [{}]...", name);
    final var builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
    final var criteria = builder.createQuery(clazz);
    final var model = criteria.from(clazz);
    criteria.select(model).where(builder.equal(model.get("name"), name));
    return Optional.ofNullable(entityManager.createQuery(criteria.select(model)).getSingleResult());
  }
}

@Log4j2
public abstract class AbstractJpaDao<T extends AbstractPersistable> {
  @PersistenceContext
  protected EntityManager entityManager;

  protected Class<T> clazz;

  public void setClazz(final Class<T> clazz) {
    this.clazz = clazz;
  }

  // ...some defaults for persist, merge, findAll, findOne, etc.
}

What I'm trying to do is to write a simple unit test for the DAO class:

import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import org.acme.service_layer.persistence.SpellBookDao;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.jboss.weld.junit5.EnableWeld;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.util.UUID;

@EnableWeld
final class SpellBookDaoTest {
  @Inject
  private SpellBookDao dao;

  @Test
  void findByName_WhenSpellBookExists() {
    final var optional = dao.findByName("The Dark Lord Ascending");
    Assertions.assertThat(optional)
        .hasValueSatisfying(it -> {
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getId()).isEqualTo(UUID.fromString("715811c9-ae11-41ec-8652-671fd88cd2a0"));
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getName()).isEqualTo("The Dark Lord Ascending");
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getSpells()).isEmpty();
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getWizards()).isEmpty();
          // ...
          Assertions.assertThat(it.getVersion()).isEqualTo(0L);
        });
  }
}

This always fails with this stacktrace:

WELD-001408: Unsatisfied dependencies for type SpellBookDao with qualifiers @Default
  at injection point [BackedAnnotatedField] @Inject private org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao
  at org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao(SpellBookDaoTest.java:0)

org.jboss.weld.exceptions.DeploymentException: WELD-001408: Unsatisfied dependencies for type SpellBookDao with qualifiers @Default
  at injection point [BackedAnnotatedField] @Inject private org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao
  at org.acme.service_layer.persistence.internal.SpellBookDaoTest.dao(SpellBookDaoTest.java:0)

    at org.jboss.weld.bootstrap.Validator.validateInjectionPointForDeploymentProblems(Validator.java:378)

...many more here

I've searched through a lot of similar questions/answers but still, I can't figure it out what I'm doing wrong here. Any advice?

By the way, I do have a main/resources/META-INF/beans.xml and test/resources/META-INF/beans.xml. The content for both is the same:

<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_2_0.xsd"
    bean-discovery-mode="all">
  <scan>
    <exclude name="org.jboss.weld.**" />
  </scan>
</beans>

Answer 1

As I stated in the GitHub issue for this question - this is an issue because as of today (23/02/2021), weld-junit version 2.x is set to work with Java/Jakarta EE 8. I'll need to release a new major version for Jakarta EE 9 and its jakarta namespace which is implemented by Weld 4. It shouldn't be too hard and I expect to be able to find time for that within a week or two.

EDIT: weld-junit version 3.0.0.Final is now available in Central and is designed to work with Jakarta EE 9 namespaces hence the above issue should be effectively solved.

Until then, you can only use weld-junit if you swap to EE 8 with its javax namespaces and also use Weld 3 which implements that.

Last but not least, your project mixes up EE 8 and EE 9 artifacts - this is a problem you need to solve on your side, mainly due to the namespace differences between the two, and would keep causing issues even after we fix weld-junit.

Answer 2

Change your test with:

@ExtendWith(WeldJunit5Extension.class)
final class SpellBookDaoTest {

  @WeldSetup
  WeldInitiator weldInitiator =  WeldInitiator.of(SpellBookDao.class);

Add dependency to the API in the gralde config: ` testImplementation("javax:javaee-api:8.0.1") ``

And your bean will be found. You've now to provide the EntityManager.

Doc here https://github.com/weld/weld-junit/blob/master/junit5/README.md https://weld.cdi-spec.org/news/2017/12/19/weld-meets-junit5/

Answer 3

I think CDI can't provide the implementation if you have not annotated at least one with a scoped annotation. Put @ApplicationScoped or @Singleton on SpellBookDao

Just seen you've already set bean-discovery-mode="all" that should works...

[Edit]

Add to your gradle
test.doFirst {
    copy {
        from 'build/resources/main/META-INF/beans.xml'
        into 'build/classes/main/META-INF/'
    }
    copy {
        from 'build/resources/test/META-INF/beans.xml'
        into 'build/classes/test/META-INF/'
    }
}

From https://stackoverflow.com/a/20355024/2710704