I was previously using Armadillo with blas and lapack but have decided to use OpenBlas to speed up computations. I have followed the steps given in this link and compiled OpenBlas in MinGW to generate libopenblas.dll and libopenblas.dll.a. Now I have tried to use these in an example application in VS 2012 and found linker errors related to OpenBlas. What am I doing wrong?
The example is given below:
#include <iostream>
#include <armadillo>
using namespace std;
using namespace arma;
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
cout << "Armadillo version: " << arma_version::as_string() << endl;
mat A(2,3); // directly specify the matrix size (elements are uninitialised)
cout << "A.n_rows: " << A.n_rows << endl; // .n_rows and .n_cols are read only
cout << "A.n_cols: " << A.n_cols << endl;
A(1,2) = 456.0; // directly access an element (indexing starts at 0)
A.print("A:");
A = 5.0; // scalars are treated as a 1x1 matrix
A.print("A:");
A.set_size(4,5); // change the size (data is not preserved)
A.fill(5.0); // set all elements to a particular value
A.print("A:");
// endr indicates "end of row"
A << 0.165300 << 0.454037 << 0.995795 << 0.124098 << 0.047084 << endr
<< 0.688782 << 0.036549 << 0.552848 << 0.937664 << 0.866401 << endr
<< 0.348740 << 0.479388 << 0.506228 << 0.145673 << 0.491547 << endr
<< 0.148678 << 0.682258 << 0.571154 << 0.874724 << 0.444632 << endr
<< 0.245726 << 0.595218 << 0.409327 << 0.367827 << 0.385736 << endr;
A.print("A:");
// determinant
cout << "det(A): " << det(A) << endl;
// inverse
cout << "inv(A): " << endl << inv(A) << endl;
// save matrix as a file
A.save("A.txt", raw_ascii);
// load from file
mat B;
B.load("A.txt");
// submatrices
cout << "B( span(0,2), span(3,4) ):" << endl << B( span(0,2), span(3,4) ) << endl;
cout << "B.row(0): " << endl << B.row(0) << endl;
cout << "B.col(1): " << endl << B.col(1) << endl;
// transpose
cout << "B.t(): " << endl << B.t() << endl;
// maximum from each column (traverse along rows)
cout << "max(B): " << endl << max(B) << endl;
// maximum from each row (traverse along columns)
cout << "max(B,1): " << endl << max(B,1) << endl;
// maximum value in B
cout << "max(max(B)) = " << max(max(B)) << endl;
// sum of each column (traverse along rows)
cout << "sum(B): " << endl << sum(B) << endl;
// sum of each row (traverse along columns)
cout << "sum(B,1) =" << endl << sum(B,1) << endl;
// sum of all elements
cout << "accu(B): " << accu(B) << endl;
// trace = sum along diagonal
cout << "trace(B): " << trace(B) << endl;
// generate the identity matrix
mat C = eye<mat>(4,4);
// random matrix with values uniformly distributed in the [0,1] interval
mat D = randu<mat>(4,4);
D.print("D:");
// row vectors are treated like a matrix with one row
rowvec r;
r << 0.59119 << 0.77321 << 0.60275 << 0.35887 << 0.51683;
r.print("r:");
// column vectors are treated like a matrix with one column
colvec q;
q << 0.14333 << 0.59478 << 0.14481 << 0.58558 << 0.60809;
q.print("q:");
// dot or inner product
cout << "as_scalar(r*q): " << as_scalar(r*q) << endl;
// outer product
cout << "q*r: " << endl << q*r << endl;
// multiply-and-accumulate operation (no temporary matrices are created)
cout << "accu(A % B) = " << accu(A % B) << endl;
// example of a compound operation
B += 2.0 * A.t();
B.print("B:");
// imat specifies an integer matrix
imat AA;
imat BB;
AA << 1 << 2 << 3 << endr << 4 << 5 << 6 << endr << 7 << 8 << 9;
BB << 3 << 2 << 1 << endr << 6 << 5 << 4 << endr << 9 << 8 << 7;
// comparison of matrices (element-wise); output of a relational operator is a umat
umat ZZ = (AA >= BB);
ZZ.print("ZZ:");
// cubes ("3D matrices")
cube Q( B.n_rows, B.n_cols, 2 );
Q.slice(0) = B;
Q.slice(1) = 2.0 * B;
Q.print("Q:");
// 2D field of arbitrary length row vectors (fields can also store abitrary objects, eg. instances of std::string)
field<rowvec> xyz(3,2);
xyz(0,0) = randu(1,2);
xyz(1,0) = randu(1,3);
xyz(2,0) = randu(1,4);
xyz(0,1) = randu(1,5);
xyz(1,1) = randu(1,6);
xyz(2,1) = randu(1,7);
cout << "xyz:" << endl;
cout << xyz << endl;
return 0;
}
The linker errors are:
1>example1.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol ddot_ referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl arma::syrk_vec<1,1,0>::apply<double,class arma::Col<double> >(class arma::Mat<double> &,class arma::Col<double> const &,double,double)" (??$apply@NV?$Col@N@arma@@@?$syrk_vec@$00$00$0A@@arma@@SAXAEAV?$Mat@N@1@AEBV?$Col@N@1@NN@Z)
1>example1.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol dgemv_ referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl arma::gemv<1,1,0>::apply_blas_type<double,class arma::Col<double> >(double *,class arma::Col<double> const &,double const *,double,double)" (??$apply_blas_type@NV?$Col@N@arma@@@?$gemv@$00$00$0A@@arma@@SAXPEANAEBV?$Col@N@1@PEBNNN@Z)
1>example1.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol dgemm_ referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl arma::gemm<1,1,1,0>::apply_blas_type<double,class arma::Col<double>,class arma::Row<double> >(class arma::Mat<double> &,class arma::Col<double> const &,class arma::Row<double> const &,double,double)" (??$apply_blas_type@NV?$Col@N@arma@@V?$Row@N@2@@?$gemm@$00$00$00$0A@@arma@@SAXAEAV?$Mat@N@1@AEBV?$Col@N@1@AEBV?$Row@N@1@NN@Z)
1>example1.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol dsyrk_ referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl arma::syrk<1,1,0>::apply_blas_type<double,class arma::Col<double> >(class arma::Mat<double> &,class arma::Col<double> const &,double,double)" (??$apply_blas_type@NV?$Col@N@arma@@@?$syrk@$00$00$0A@@arma@@SAXAEAV?$Mat@N@1@AEBV?$Col@N@1@NN@Z)
1>D:\iUH\Research\armadillo-5.200.1\examples\x64\Debug\example1_win64.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 4 unresolved externals