Here a two examples, first for ResourceController (return 200 - ok ), second for ResourceLogsController (returns 403 - not authorized )
api.php
// RESOURCES
Route::apiResource('resources','Api\ResourceController');
// RESOURCELOGS
Route::apiResource('resourcelogs','Api\ResourceLogController');
AuthServiceProvider:
use App\Policies\ResourcePolicy;
use App\Policies\ResourceLogPolicy;
// ...
    protected $policies = [
        Resource::class => ResourcePolicy::class,
        ResourceLog::class => ResourceLogPolicy::class
    ];
ResourceController:
    public function __construct()
    {
      $this->middleware('auth:api');
      $this->authorizeResource(Resource::class, 'resource');
    }
    public function index(Resource $resource)
    {
      dd('authorization ok');
    }
    public function show(Resource $resource)
    {
      dd('authorization ok');
    }
ResourceLogController:
    public function __construct()
    {
      $this->middleware('auth:api');
      $this->authorizeResource(ResourceLog::class, 'resourcelog');
    }
    public function index(ResourceLog $resourceLog)
    {
      dd('authorization ok');
    }
    public function show(ResourceLog $resourceLog)
    {
      dd('no authorization here');
    }
ResourcePolicies: Just returns a simple true as a test
class ResourcePolicy
{
    use HandlesAuthorization;
    public function viewAny(User $user)
    {
        return true;
    }
    public function view(User $user, Resource $resource)
    {
        return true;
    }
ResourceLogPolicies: just returns a simple true as a test
class ResourceLogPolicy
{
    use HandlesAuthorization;
    public function viewAny(User $user)
    {
        return true;
    }
    public function view(User $user, ResourceLog $resourceLog)
    {
        return true;
    }
I tried changing the second parameter in $this->authorizeLogResource for lower case, chamelcase etc..
$this->authorizeResource(ResourceLog::class, 'resourcelog'); $this->authorizeResource(ResourceLog::class, 'App\ResourceLog'); // = Too few arguments to function App\Policies\ResourceLogPolicy::view(), 1 passed
I do see resource and not resourceLog under Middleware...

 
                        
Answer with the help of taylorotwell himself:
In router:
Controller:
Method:
'resourceLogs' in Route and authorizeResource + $resourceLog (!) need to have the same casing.