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Compiling C++ program with Opengl and Glut in windows

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I was trying to convert a project I have in codeblocks to compile in the makefile, but I'm having problems linking the opengl libraries.

I'm trying this for days and haven't been able to get it to work yet.

In my project directory I have the following structure:

  • include/
    • All headers of GL and GLFW
  • lib/
    • libfreeglut32.a
    • libglfw3.a
    • libglfw3dll.a
    • libglu32.a
    • libopengl32.a
  • src/
    • main.cpp
    • others cpp's

My codeblocks project:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?>
<CodeBlocks_project_file>
    <FileVersion major="1" minor="6" />
    <Project>
        <Option title="Canvas 2D" />
        <Option pch_mode="2" />
        <Option compiler="gcc" />
        <Build>
            <Target title="Debug">
                <Option output="../__bin/Debug/canvas2d" prefix_auto="1" extension_auto="1" />
                <Option working_dir="../" />
                <Option object_output="../__obj/Debug/" />
                <Option type="1" />
                <Option compiler="gcc" />
                <Compiler>
                    <Add option="-g" />
                </Compiler>
            </Target>
            <Target title="Release">
                <Option output="../__bin/Release/canvas2d" prefix_auto="1" extension_auto="1" />
                <Option working_dir="../" />
                <Option object_output="../__obj/Release/" />
                <Option type="1" />
                <Option compiler="gcc" />
                <Compiler>
                    <Add option="-O2 -Wall" />
                </Compiler>
                <Linker>
                    <Add option="-s" />
                </Linker>
            </Target>
        </Build>
        <Compiler>
            <Add option="-Wall" />
            <Add option="-fexceptions" />
            <Add option="-std=c++11" />
            <Add directory="./include" />
        </Compiler>
        <Linker>
            <Add library="./lib/libfreeglut32.a" />
            <Add library="./lib/libopengl32.a"/>
            <Add library="./lib/libglu32.a"/>
        </Linker>
        <Unit filename="src/Bola.h" />
        <Unit filename="src/Botao.h" />
        <Unit filename="src/Relogio.cpp" />
        <Unit filename="src/Relogio.h" />
        <Unit filename="src/Vector2.h" />
        <Unit filename="src/gl_canvas2d.cpp" />
        <Unit filename="src/gl_canvas2d.h" />
        <Unit filename="src/main.cpp" />

    </Project>
</CodeBlocks_project_file>

Makefile:

cpp_source_files = $(shell find -name *.cpp)


all: 
    g++ -Wall -fexceptions -std=c++11 -L lib -l freeglut32 -l glu32 -l opengl32 -l glfw3 -l glfw3dll -I./include $(cpp_source_files) -o run.exe

Error:

g++ -Wall -fexceptions -std=c++11 -L lib -l freeglut32 -l glu32 -l opengl32 -l glfw3 -l glfw3dll -I./include ./src/gl_canvas2d.cpp ./src/main.cpp ./src/Relogio.cpp -o run.exe

./src/main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
./src/main.cpp:164:52: warning: ISO C++ forbids converting a string constant to 'char*' [-Wwrite-strings]
    bt = new Botao(200, 400, 140, 50, "Sou um botao");
                                                    ^
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `_imp____glutInitWithExit@12'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x3f): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateWindowWithExit@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x61): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateMenuWithExit@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x7c): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x93): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x9b): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0xb0): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0xc7): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0xcf): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0xe4): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0xfb): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x112): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x11a): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x130): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x147): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x15e): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x175): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x18c): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x194): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x1aa): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x1c1): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x1d8): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x1ef): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x206): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x20e): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x224): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x23b): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x252): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x269): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x280): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x288): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x29e): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x2e0): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x2ee): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x304): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x346): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x354): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x3c4): undefined reference to `glRasterPos2i@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x3e5): undefined reference to `_imp__glutBitmapCharacter@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x419): undefined reference to `glClearColor@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x445): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x493): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x4aa): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x4d3): undefined reference to `glBegin@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x521): undefined reference to `glVertex2d@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x538): undefined reference to `glEnd@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x54e): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x556): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x570): undefined reference to `glTranslated@24'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x588): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x590): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x5aa): undefined reference to `glTranslated@24'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x5d1): undefined reference to `glColor3d@24'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x5f7): undefined reference to `glColor3fv@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x628): undefined reference to `glColor4d@32'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x7b9): undefined reference to `glViewport@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x7c8): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x7d0): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x7f0): undefined reference to `gluOrtho2D@32'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x7ff): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x807): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x82c): undefined reference to `glClearColor@16'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x843): undefined reference to `glPolygonMode@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x85b): undefined reference to `glClear@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x86a): undefined reference to `glMatrixMode@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x872): undefined reference to `glLoadIdentity@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x87c): undefined reference to `glFlush@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x881): undefined reference to `_imp__glutSwapBuffers@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x8cd): undefined reference to `_imp__glutSetOption@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x8de): undefined reference to `_imp__glutInitDisplayMode@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x8f5): undefined reference to `_imp__glutInitWindowSize@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x90e): undefined reference to `_imp__glutInitWindowPosition@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x932): undefined reference to `_imp__glutReshapeFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x943): undefined reference to `_imp__glutDisplayFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x954): undefined reference to `_imp__glutKeyboardFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x965): undefined reference to `_imp__glutKeyboardUpFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x976): undefined reference to `_imp__glutSpecialUpFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x987): undefined reference to `_imp__glutSpecialFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x998): undefined reference to `_imp__glutIdleFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x9a9): undefined reference to `_imp__glutMouseFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x9ba): undefined reference to `_imp__glutPassiveMotionFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x9cb): undefined reference to `_imp__glutMotionFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x9dc): undefined reference to `_imp__glutMouseWheelFunc@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0x9ed): undefined reference to `glGetString@4'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccL56CtJ.o:gl_canvas2d.cpp:(.text+0xa0f): undefined reference to `_imp__glutMainLoop@0'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccljMOAH.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `_imp____glutInitWithExit@12'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccljMOAH.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x3f): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateWindowWithExit@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccljMOAH.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x61): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateMenuWithExit@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccSmVNUV.o:Relogio.cpp:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `_imp____glutInitWithExit@12'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccSmVNUV.o:Relogio.cpp:(.text+0x3f): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateWindowWithExit@8'
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ccSmVNUV.o:Relogio.cpp:(.text+0x61): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateMenuWithExit@8'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [all] Error 1
c++ opengl linker
Original Q&A
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There are 1 answers

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Jack Morozov On

It may be because gcc searches libraries from left to right. If it sees that they are not in use, it will discard them. To be sure, recompile with g++ -Wall -fexceptions -std=c++11 -I./include ./src/gl_canvas2d.cpp ./src/main.cpp ./src/Relogio.cpp -L lib -l freeglut32 -l glu32 -l opengl32 -l glfw3 -l glfw3dll -o run.exe instead. (Always make libraries the last args in your compilation command)

In the event that doesn't work, that set of OpenGL functions I believe are from OpenGL 1.1 . These functions are outdated and may not be included with whatever version of GLUT you are using. (Although I thought FreeGLUT should be able to support them?) I highly recommend to not use them AT ALL unless you are targeting very early OpenGL systems. OpenGL 3.3 is the standard entry point for OGL devs if you are interested https://learnopengl.com/

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