Sonatype's Maven:The Complete Reference says that a compile scoped dependency is on all classpaths and is packaged with the artifact.
Compile is the default scope; all dependencies are compile-scoped if a scope is not supplied. compile dependencies are available in all classpaths, and they are packaged.
I can't see that they are packaged though . . . doesn't this mean that they should be contained in the jar file? If not, what does it mean?
You are correct. Compiled scope dependencies does not get packaged with the output jar. (with JAR plugin). I think the 'package' refers to the end product (binary executable).
I came across this stackOverflow thread (How can I create an executable jar with dependencies using Maven?). Here they are packaging all the dependencies to build a executable out of Main class. In that case you need all the compile time dependencies in your packaged executable. (since JAVA lazy loads it is not a must, but preferable to have all the compile time dependencies)