Why are \r\n added to my string?

Question

\r\n appearing on string?

Attempting to use the example on Rendering ASP.NET MVC Views to String to pass a VIEW as a string, and send as an Email. Which should send the invoice of a sale through email to the user.

Iv'e added ViewRenderer class to my project. Then added the ContactSeller function to my controller, and copied and renamed the invoice view as ViewOrderThroughEmail.cshtml

//confirm payment & send invoice as email:
SendOrderInvoiceAsEmail(Qbcust, orderId);

private void SendOrderInvoiceAsEmail(QBCustomerRecord QBcust, int orderId)
{
    string email = QBcust.EmailAddress;
    if (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email))
    {
        _orchardServices.Notifier.Error(T("No E-mail exists for this user. Invoice not sent."));
        return;
    }

    var siteUrl = "Confirmation of order";

    if (_authenticationService.GetAuthenticatedUser() == null)
        throw new OrchardSecurityException(T("Login Required"));

    IUser userInfo = _authenticationService.GetAuthenticatedUser();

    QBCustomerRecord customer = _qbcustomerService.GetById(QBcust.Id);

    IEnumerable<OrderRecord> ordersQuery = _orderService.GetOrders(customer.Id);

    OrderRecord order = ordersQuery.Where(o => o.Id == orderId).FirstOrDefault();

    var ids = order.Details.Select(d => d.ProductId);

    ConvertOrderViewToStringViewModel model = new ConvertOrderViewToStringViewModel { Order = _orderService.GetOrder(orderId), Products = ProductHelper.GetProductLookup(ids, _qbProductService, true) };
    model.Order = _orderService.GetOrder(orderId);

    OrderSignatureRecord signatureRecord = _signatureService.GetByOrderId(orderId);
    if (signatureRecord != null)
    {
        model.PathToSignature = _mediaService.GetPublicUrl(signatureRecord.PathToImageFile);
                model.TypedName = signatureRecord.TypedName;
    }

    model.Payment = _paymentService.GetPaymentByOrderId(orderId);

    string orderInvoiceEmailAsString = ConvertViewToString(model);
    _userService.SendEmail(email, siteUrl, orderInvoiceEmailAsString);

    _orchardServices.Notifier.Information(T("The user will receive a confirmation of their order through email."));
}

public string ConvertViewToString(ConvertOrderViewToStringViewModel model)
{   
    string message = ViewRenderer.RenderView("~/Modules/StormTree/Views/Account/ViewOrderThroughEmail.cshtml",model, ControllerContext);

    return message;
}

I've gone through the sending email function, and I know from testing it that sending the email is not the problem. What the email contains is the problem.

public bool SendEmail(string usernameOrEmail, string title, string viewAsString)
{
    var lowerName = usernameOrEmail.ToLowerInvariant();
    var user = _contentManager.Query<UserPart, UserPartRecord>().Where(u => u.NormalizedUserName == lowerName || u.Email == lowerName).List().FirstOrDefault();

    if (user != null)
    {
        string nonce = CreateNonce(user, DelayToResetPassword);
        //string url = createUrl(nonce);
        string url = title;

        _messageManager.Send(user.ContentItem.Record, MessageTypes.LostPassword, "email", new Dictionary<string, string> { { "LostPasswordUrl", url } });
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

So I've breakpointed and checked the 'viewAsString' parameter passed in: returns:

"\r\n\r\n<div class=\"span6\">\r\n    <fieldset>\r\n        <h2 style=\"color:Red;\">Order details</h2>\r\n            <table style=\"border-bottom-color:Lime;\" class=\"table-bordered table-striped table\">\r\n                <colgroup>\r\n                    <col id=\"Col1\" />\r\n                    <col id=\"Col2\" />\r\n                    <col id=\"Col3\" />\r\n                    <col id=\"Col4\" />\r\n                    <col id=\"Col5\" />\r\n                </colgroup>\r\n                <thead>\r\n                    <tr>\r\n                        <th scope=\"col\">Code</th>\r\n                        <th scope=\"col\">Product</th>\r\n                        <th scope=\"col\">Unit Price</th>\r\n                        <th scope=\"col\">Quantity</th>\r\n                        <th scope=\"col\">Value</th>\r\n                    </tr>\r\n                </thead>\r\n                <tbody>\r\n                        <tr>\r\n                            <td>APPBRAMSI</td>\r\n                            <td>Single cooking apples</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                            <td>3</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                        </tr>\r\n                        <tr>\r\n                            <td>BUTTER SQ</td>\r\n                            <td>Butternut Squash</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                            <td>5</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                        </tr>\r\n                        <tr>\r\n                            <td>bcf5</td>\r\n                            <td>Broccolli &amp; Cauliflour Mix 5kg</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                            <td>2</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                        </tr>\r\n                        <tr>\r\n                            <td>EGGS TRAY</td>\r\n                            <td>tray eggs</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                            <td>1</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                        </tr>\r\n                        <tr>\r\n                            <td>savoy single</td>\r\n                            <td>Savoy Cabbage 1*</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                            <td>9</td>\r\n                            <td>&#163;0.00</td>\r\n                        </tr>\r\n                    <tr>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td><strong>Sub-Total</strong></td>\r\n                        <td><strong>&#163;0.00</strong></td>\r\n                    </tr>\r\n                    <tr>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td><strong>VAT</strong></td>\r\n                        <td><strong>&#163;0.00</strong></td>\r\n                    </tr>\r\n                    <tr>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td></td>\r\n                        <td><strong>Total</strong></td>\r\n                        <td><strong>&#163;0.00</strong></td>\r\n                    </tr>\r\n                </tbody>\r\n            </table>\r\n    </fieldset>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"span4\">\r\n    <fieldset>\r\n        <h2>Order information</h2>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"editor-label\"><label for=\"Order_CreatedAt\">Order Last Updated</label></div>\r\n        <div class=\"editor-field\"><input class=\"uneditable-input\" id=\"Order_CreatedAt\" name=\"Order.CreatedAt\" readonly=\"readonly\" type=\"text\" value=\"19/12/2013 17:19:53\" /></div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"editor-label\"><label for=\"Order_Status\">Status</label></div>\r\n        <div class=\"editor-field\"><input class=\"uneditable-input\" id=\"Order_Status\" name=\"Order.Status\" readonly=\"readonly\" type=\"text\" value=\"New\" /></div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n        <p><a href=\"/OrchardLocal/UMACS.Bradmount/CustomerAdmin/AddToCurrentOrder/171\" title=\"Add this order to Current Order\">Add this order to Current Order</a></p>\r\n        <p><a href=\"/OrchardLocal/UMACS.Bradmount/CustomerAdmin/ClearThenAddToCurrentOrder/171\" title=\"Change Current Order To Match This Order\">Change Current Order To Match This Order</a></p>\r\n        <p><a href=\"/OrchardLocal/UMACS.Bradmount/CustomerAdmin\" title=\"Back to My Account\">Go back to My Account</a></p>\r\n    </fieldset>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n"

which displays: My question being where are all the \r\n coming out of? Thanks for any replies

UPDATE

public class ConvertOrderViewToStringViewModel
    {
        public ConvertOrderViewToStringViewModel()
        { }

        public OrderRecord Order;
        public Dictionary<int, QBProductRecord> Products;
        public String PathToSignature;
        public String TypedName;
        public PaymentRecord Payment;
    }

Answer 1

May be its the white spaces that your view contains when formatted in visual studio.

So when you convert your View to String they get replaced by \r\n which represents white space & new line characters in C#.

You can try removing every white space from your view, which is not required. Have only html & relevant content in your view. Then test again by sending an email. See what happens.