I would like to know if it is possible to test a specific binary with nptl instead of linuxthreads which is embedded in my glibc. I don't want to recompile the glibc because it is the one provided with my specific hardware/software and I don't want to break everything. I just want to be able to test this implementation and to see what could be the gain
Thanks in advance
If your glibc was compiled with linuxthreads, and not nptl, then obviously you can't use it to test a binary with nptl.
Your choices are:
Build a separate nptl-enabled version of glibc, and use it, e.g.
cd glibc-2.15 ./configure --prefix=/usr/glibc-nptl && make && sudo make install
# now run the binary using newly-built glibc:
/usr/glibc-nptl/lib/ld-2.15.so /path/to/binary
See also this answer.