unable to attach ubi to mtd partition

Question

We are using MT29F8G08ABABA in our DM365 based custom board. We are using NAND boot. RootFS is in UBIFS format,

Below is basic achitecture of the NAND.

I am using following commands to create ubifs,

$(UBIFS_PATH)/mkfs.ubifs -r  $(TARGET_FS) -m 4096  -e 520192 -c 75 -o ubifs.img
$(UBIFS_PATH)/ubinize -o $(SYSTEM_CFG)_$(HARDWARE_CFG)_ubifs -m 4096 -p 512KiB $(HARDWARE_CFG)_ubinize.cfg

dm368_ubinize.cfg content is as follows,

[ubifs]
mode=ubi
image=ubifs.img
vol_id=0
vol_size=37888KiB
vol_type=dynamic
vol_name=rootfs
vol_flags=autoresize

Then i put this ubifs to NAND using following commands,

loady 0x82000000 ---> ubifs is loaded to RAM
nand scrub 0x1800000 0x2800000
nand erase 0x1800000 0x2800000
nand write 0x82000000 0x1800000 0x2800000

and when i boot the kernel there is error while detecting UBIFS from kernel,

Below is kernel log for the same,

[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6.37_IPNC_DM368_5.1.0 (still-image@stillimage-VirtualBox) (gcc version 4.3.3 (GCC) ) #1 PREEMPT Sat Jan 4 11:09:29 IST 2014
[    0.000000] CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00053177
[    0.000000] CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
[    0.000000] Machine: DaVinci DM36x IPNC
[    0.000000] Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
[    0.000000] DaVinci dm36x_rev1.2 variant 0x8
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 12192
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: mem=48M console=ttyS0,115200n8 noinitrd ip=off rw ubi.mtd=3,4096 rootfstype=ubifs root=ubi0:rootfs cmemk.phys_start=0x83000000 cmemk.phys_end=0x88000000 cmemk.phys_start_1=0x00001000 cmemk.phys_end_1=0x00008000 cmemk.pools_1=1x28672 cmemk.allowOverlap=1 cmemk.useHeapIfPoolUnavailable=1 nohz=off highres=off clocksource=acpi_pm lpj=1077248
[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.000000] Memory: 48MB = 48MB total
[    0.000000] Memory: 44772k/44772k available, 4380k reserved, 0K highmem
[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
[    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
[    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
[    0.000000]     DMA     : 0xff000000 - 0xffe00000   (  14 MB)
[    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xc3800000 - 0xfea00000   ( 946 MB)
[    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xc3000000   (  48 MB)
[    0.000000]     modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
[    0.000000]       .init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc002c000   ( 144 kB)
[    0.000000]       .text : 0xc002c000 - 0xc0390000   (3472 kB)
[    0.000000]       .data : 0xc0390000 - 0xc03b6600   ( 154 kB)
[    0.000000] SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] Preemptable hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000]  RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs is disabled.
[    0.000000]  Verbose stalled-CPUs detection is disabled.
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:245
[    0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.000407] Calibrating delay loop (skipped) preset value.. 215.44 BogoMIPS (lpj=1077248)
[    0.000494] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.000794] Security Framework initialized
[    0.001001] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
[    0.002188] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.004944] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.010877] DaVinci: 8 gpio irqs
[    0.011931] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.066045] dm365_rmd_cs_rdk_150_wl_init
[    0.066124] No entry for the specified index
[    0.069960] No entry for the specified index
[    0.192448] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
[    0.199765] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.206445] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.208607] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.210484] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.215823] vpss vpss: dm365_vpss vpss probed
[    0.215919] vpss vpss: dm365_vpss vpss probe success
[    0.222681] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.23.
[    0.228358] Switching to clocksource timer0_1
[    0.356682] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.357150] IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.358399] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[    0.358604] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[    0.358736] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
[    0.358784] TCP reno registered
[    0.358845] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.358939] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[    0.359791] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.466150] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[    0.469156] JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[    0.474898] msgmni has been set to 87
[    0.481735] io scheduler noop registered (default)
[    0.484414] CSL: Module install successful, device major num = 254
[    0.484478] CSL: Module version 0.10.00, built on Dec 13 2013 22:33:02
[    0.484552] I2C: Module install successful, device major num = 253
[    0.484609] DMA: Module install successful, device major num = 252
[    0.484654] DRV: Module install successful
[    0.484692] DRV: Module built on Dec 13 2013 22:33:04
[    0.484733] DRV: EDMACC.QUEPRI  = 00002777
[    0.484769] DRV: SYSTEM.MSTPRI0 = 00440011
[    0.484804] DRV: SYSTEM.MSTPRI1 = 00000444
[    0.484839] DRV: ISP.BCR        = 00000002
[    0.484874] DRV: SYSTEM.MISC    = 00000399
[    0.484911] EDMAK module: built on Dec 13 2013 at 22:32:35
[    0.484957]   Reference Linux version 2.6.37
[    0.484996]   File /opt/workdir/OV9715_Ver5_0/dvsdk_ipnctools/linuxutils_2_26_02_05/packages/ti/sdo/linuxutils/edma/src/module/edmak.c
[    0.487539] IRQK module: built on Dec 13 2013 at 22:32:33
[    0.487612]   Reference Linux version 2.6.37
[    0.487653]   File /opt/workdir/OV9715_Ver5_0/dvsdk_ipnctools/linuxutils_2_26_02_05/packages/ti/sdo/linuxutils/irq/src/module/irqk.c
[    0.490558] irqk initialized
[    0.490663] CMEMK module: built on Dec 13 2013 at 22:32:30
[    0.490723]   Reference Linux version 2.6.37
[    0.490762]   File /opt/workdir/OV9715_Ver5_0/dvsdk_ipnctools/linuxutils_2_26_02_05/packages/ti/sdo/linuxutils/cmem/src/module/cmemk.c
[    0.498082] allocated heap buffer 0xc4000000 of size 0x5000000
[    0.498145] heap fallback enabled - will try heap if pool buffer is not available
[    0.498205] CMEM Range Overlaps Kernel Physical - allowing overlap
[    0.498257] CMEM phys_start (0x1000) overlaps kernel (0x80000000 -> 0x83000000)
[    0.498473] cmemk initialized
[    0.498551] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 2 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[    0.611337] serial8250.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x1c20000 (irq = 40) is a 16550A
[    1.137052] console [ttyS0] enabled
[    1.211160] serial8250.0: ttyS1 at MMIO 0x1d06000 (irq = 41) is a 16550A
[    1.254825] brd: module loaded
[    1.272762] NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0x2c, Chip ID: 0x38 (Micron )
[    1.281908] Bad block table not found for chip 0
[    1.287959] Bad block table not found for chip 0
[    1.292787] Scanning device for bad blocks
[    1.729485] Creating 7 MTD partitions on "davinci_nand.0":
[    1.735177] 0x000000000000-0x000000c00000 : "bootloader"
[    1.748031] 0x000000c00000-0x000001400000 : "params"
[    1.760990] 0x000001400000-0x000001800000 : "kernel"
[    1.773829] 0x000001800000-0x000004000000 : "filesystem1"
[    1.787411] 0x000004000000-0x000004800000 : "data1"
[    1.800510] 0x000004800000-0x000007000000 : "filesystem2"
[    1.813667] 0x000007000000-0x000040000000 : "data2"
[    1.828113] davinci_nand davinci_nand.0: controller rev. 2.3
[    1.839036] UBI: attaching mtd3 to ubi0
[    1.843400] UBI: physical eraseblock size:   262144 bytes (256 KiB)
[    1.849714] UBI: logical eraseblock size:    256000 bytes
[    1.855391] UBI: smallest flash I/O unit:    2048
[    1.860292] UBI: sub-page size:              512
[    1.864953] UBI: VID header offset:          4096 (aligned 4096)
[    1.871094] UBI: data offset:                6144
[    1.877230] UBI error: validate_ec_hdr: bad data offset 8192, expected 6144
[    1.884383] UBI error: validate_ec_hdr: bad EC header
[    1.889484] UBI error: ubi_io_read_ec_hdr: validation failed for PEB 0
[    1.896907] UBI error: ubi_init: cannot attach mtd3
[    1.905311] spi_davinci spi_davinci.0: Controller at 0xfec66000
[    1.970163] davinci_mdio davinci_mdio.0: davinci mdio revision 1.4
[    1.976404] davinci_mdio davinci_mdio.0: no live phy, scanning all
[    1.983779] davinci_mdio: probe of davinci_mdio.0 failed with error -5
[    1.993145] i2c /dev entries driver
[    2.000461] Linux media interface: v0.10
[    2.005482] Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[    2.013867] vpbe-osd vpbe-osd: OSD sub device probe success
[    2.021111] vpbe-venc vpbe-venc: VENC sub device probe success
[    2.028379] vpbe-v4l2 vpbe-v4l2: vpbe v4l2 device registered
[    2.034923] Setting default output to Composite
[    2.039507] Setting default mode to ntsc
[    2.043823] vpbe-v4l2 vpbe-v4l2: Trying to register VPBE display device.
[    2.050741] vpbe-v4l2 vpbe-v4l2: layer=c2989a00,layer->video_dev=c2989ae8
[    2.059118] vpbe-v4l2 vpbe-v4l2: Trying to register VPBE display device.
[    2.066191] vpbe-v4l2 vpbe-v4l2: layer=c2989c00,layer->video_dev=c2989ce8
[    2.076313] watchdog watchdog: heartbeat 60 sec
[    2.090661] Error: Driver 'davinci-mcbsp' is already registered, aborting...
[    2.102840] asoc: cq93vc-hifi <-> davinci-vcif mapping ok
[    2.115028] ALSA device list:
[    2.118092]   #0: DaVinci DM365 EVM
[    2.123853] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (699 buckets, 2796 max)
[    2.133076] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[    2.138907] TCP cubic registered
[    2.142616] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    2.163517] UBIFS error (pid 1): ubifs_mount: cannot open "ubi0:rootfs", error -19
[    2.171615] VFS: Cannot open root device "ubi0:rootfs" or unknown-block(0,0)
[    2.178710] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[    2.187357] 1f00           12288 mtdblock0  (driver?)
[    2.192678] 1f01            8192 mtdblock1  (driver?)
[    2.197807] 1f02            4096 mtdblock2  (driver?)
[    2.203056] 1f03           40960 mtdblock3  (driver?)
[    2.208184] 1f04            8192 mtdblock4  (driver?)
[    2.213414] 1f05           40960 mtdblock5  (driver?)
[    2.218542] 1f06          933888 mtdblock6  (driver?)
[    2.223740] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[    2.232105] Backtrace:
[    2.234600] Function entered at [<c0030504>] from [<c030ec74>]
[    2.240524]  r7:00008000 r6:c2813000 r5:c00263ec r4:c03b6e00
[    2.246275] Function entered at [<c030ec5c>] from [<c030ecd4>]
[    2.252188] Function entered at [<c030ec78>] from [<c0008fdc>]
[    2.258049]  r3:00000000 r2:c2824000 r1:c2825f78 r0:c0331f90
[    2.263847] Function entered at [<c0008d78>] from [<c0009134>]
[    2.269707] Function entered at [<c00090a0>] from [<c00084b4>]
[    2.275614]  r5:c002597c r4:c03b6618
[    2.279248] Function entered at [<c00083a4>] from [<c0046a58>]
[    2.285156]  r5:c00083a4 r4:00000000

Now my doubt is why kernel is reporting physical eraseblock size as 256KiB? from architecture of NAND it looks to be 512KiB.

Any suggestions/pointer for the errors ?

Thank you in advance

Answer 1

PEB size (physical erase block) I think needs configuring as part of the ubinize config file, try adding something like this to the file:

[flash]
peb=0x20000
min_io_size=0x800
compress_type=zlib

(I've got a PEB size of 128KiB, so you'll need to change accordingly). Also you might find UBIFS MTD pages useful - there's a question about bad VID header offset. Hope this helps.

Answer 2

As i have mentioned in above answer, I was not able to create a file or folder because filesystem size and partitions size was same.
So i increased the partition size to 128MB(nand_partition in kernel) and i recreated the UBIFS. I flashed the new kernel and UBIFS in NAND. And it started working, now i am able to create folder and/or file anywhere in the root file system.

I used below commands to create ubifs,

$(UBIFS_PATH)/mkfs.ubifs -r  $(TARGET_FS) -m 2048 -e 258048 -c 506 -o ubifs.img
$(UBIFS_PATH)/ubinize -o $(SYSTEM_CFG)_$(HARDWARE_CFG)_ubifs -m 2048 -p 256KiB -O 2048  $(HARDWARE_CFG)_ubinize.cfg

content of ubinize.cfg is as follows,

[ubifs]
peb=0x40000
min_io_size=0x800
compress_type=zlib
mode=ubi
image=ubifs.img
vol_id=0
vol_size=124MiB
vol_type=dynamic
vol_name=rootfs
vol_flags=autoresize

Some calculations which will help understand

For 256Kib and pagesize 2048

Symbol  Meaning     Value for 128MB fs
SP  PEB Size    256KiB
SL  LEB Size    256kib - 2* 2kiB = 252Kib
P   Total number of PEBs on the MTD device  128MiB / 256KiB = 512
B   Number of PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling    1% of P = 5
O   The overhead related to storing EC and VID headers in bytes, i.e. O = SP - SL   4KiB 

UBI Overhead = (B + 4) * SP + O * (P - B - 4) 
      = (5 + 4) * 256Kib + 4 KiB * (512 - 5 - 4)
      = 2304Kib + 2012Kib
      = 4316 KiB 
      = 16.859375 PEBs (round to 17)
512 - 17 = 498 peb = 498*256kiB PEBS = 127488KiB availble for user data
we have to use -c <X> where x = 127488Kib / 252kib = 505.9 = 506

Hope this helps someone facing the similar issue.