Just tried to install TYPO3 Surf at a TYPO3 CMS 7.6.10 Installation, but it didn't work.
C:\xampp\htdocs\typo3_src-7.6.10>composer require typo3/surf=dev-master
./composer.json has been updated
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.
Problem 1
- Installation request for typo3/surf dev-master -> satisfiable by typo3/surf[dev-master].
- typo3/surf dev-master requires symfony/console ^2.8|^3.0 -> satisfiable by symfony/console[2.8.x-dev, 3.0.x-dev, 3.1.x-dev, 3.2.x-dev, v2.8.0, v2.8.0-BETA1, v2.8.1, v2.8.2, v2.8.3, v2.8.4, v2.8.5, v2.8.6, v2.8.7, v2.8.8, v2.8.9, v3.0.0, v3.0.0-BETA1, v3.0.1, v3.0.2, v3.0.3, v3.0.4, v3.0.5, v3.0.6, v3.0.7, v3.0.8, v3.0.9, v3.1.0, v3.1.0-BETA1, v3.1.0-RC1, v3.1.1, v3.1.2, v3.1.3] but these conflict with your requirements or minimum-stability.
Installation failed, reverting ./composer.json to its original content.
Just for the sake of keeping giving an alternative in more recent times since the question was asked, there are a number of people starting to move to Docker and the easiest way I know how to do that is for TYPO3 is with DDEV, which is open source. Currently the opensource version for DDEV Live is not available yet but we're using DDEV Local for all local development and live is supposed to be showing up soon or so they've said. There's also DDEV Live available directly from DRUD which would be a managed solution and it sound like it's pretty robust setup though I haven't personally used it yet.