We are following Agile development methodology. As a SCRUM master, I am maintaining the Sprint BackLog. I want to know what is the best practice to accommodate any increase in effort for a particular task in the middle of a project.
For example, I am doing ABC task and in the starting of the sprint I have estimated that it requires 10 hrs to complete it, but on the second day I realized that it requires 20 hrs, so how will i update the Sprint Backlog.
You change the remaining work to 20 hours. Scrum is concerned with the actual work remaining, not whether the original estimate was right. That's important, but it's not explicitly part of Scrum.
If this threatens your ability to deliver on your commitment, then you need to discuss solutions with your team and possibly also the product owner. Perhaps: