Result of sizeof for C++ arrays and pointers

Question

On an x86_64 architecture, a pointer is 8 bytes. It makes sense to me that sizeof(x) should return 8. I understand that a char is a single byte, and 5 bytes is the size of array z. What is the intuition behind why sizeof(z) does not return 8?

int* x = new int[10];
char z[5];

// Returns 8
std::cout << "This is the size of x: " << sizeof(x) << std::endl;

// Returns 5
std::cout << "This is the size of z: " << sizeof(z) << std::endl;

Answer 1

What is the intuition behind why sizeof(z) does not return 8?

z is not a pointer. Hence sizeof(z) is not anything, but 5 bytes. In case of sizeof, the array doesn't decay to pointer. Refer: What is array decaying?

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There are several implicit conversions in C++ like array to pointer, enum to integer, double to float, derived to base, any pointer to void* and so on. Which may lead us to think if their sizes are same or what?
Hence, a litmus test for self understanding is to create a pointer reference & try to assign the other type. It results in error for non matching types. e.g.

int *x = new int[5], *&px = x; // OK
int z[5], *&pz = z; // error: can't initialize

Answer 2

Every character have size of '1' Suppose when you compile it

 //It returns 1
      char z='a';
     std::cout << "This is the size of z: " << sizeof(z) << std::endl;
//It returns 5 because it is an array of 5 characters
 char z[5];
std::cout << "This is the size of z: " << sizeof(z) << std::endl;

Answer 3

You've defined x as a pointer to char, so sizeof(x) yields the size of a pointer to char. On a current implementation, that'll typically be either 32 bits or 64 bits. A char is typically 8 bits, so you can expect sizeof(char *) to yield 4 or 8 on most current compilers.

You've defined z as an array of 5 char, so sizeof(z) yields the size of an array of 5 char. Since the elements of an array are contiguous, and sizeof(char) is guaranteed to be 1, the obvious value for that would be 5.

If (for example) you put an array of 5 char into a struct, and that's followed by (say) an int, there's a very good chance the compiler will insert some padding between those two elements.

Answer 4

When you pass an array name to sizeof, you want to know how many "bytes" of data belong to this array.

When you pass a pointer to sizeof, you want to know how many "bytes" does this pointer occupy.

The difference is very obvious when you pass an array name as a function argument. In this case the function cannot see the whole data area the array occupies. It only see the "pointer" type.