read arrow and other special keys in C, without ncurses

Question

I have a new problem I came across: I want to create a shell for Linux, but I don't know, how to read special input keys like arrow key, CTRL-key or F11 key, without using ncurses.

I can't use ncurses, since I want to print the STDOUT and STDERR. (Unless there is a way, I don't know of). On the other hand, I don't want to have the "^[[C"-Output. So I probably can't use getchar as well.

So how would I manage to do this?