I've set up a blank site in Power Pages with multiple languages (English, French German).
I also have a use case for providing a query string parameter (for example, id).
When using the standard language switcher, the entire query string is url encoded, including the question mark, which results in an ASP.NET error as shown in the image below. I have switched off custom errors in the portal site settings to show the error detail.
Not sure how long this has been happening, but it appears to be a new issue.
I raised a ticket with MS and they confirmed a recent change has resulted in this default behavior.
The good news is that it can be switched off with a portal site setting called Site/EnableLanguageDropUrlEncoding.
Set to false to switch off the encoding.