No module named 'backends'

Question

I was doing this simple django tutorial http://www.madewithtea.com/simple-todo-api-with-django-and-oauth2.html

This is my settings.py file

import os

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '_q7lkj9bgdsdadsqx%kihv-tyf0ugn*vj8+6lbkds7ff5d&m1-b@837t'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',

    # TODO
    'provider',
    'provider.oauth2',

    'todo',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'todosite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'todosite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': 'todo_db',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
    }
}

# TODO
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES':
        ('rest_framework.authentication.OAuth2Authentication',
         'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication'),
    'DEFAULT_MODEL_SERIALIZER_CLASS':
        'rest_framework.serializers.ModelSerializer',
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES':
        ('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',)
}


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

I am using virtualenv and I used this command to install django and other packages

pip install django django_oauth2_provider djangorestframework markdown django-filter

This is my urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from todo import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Registration of new users
    # TODO
    url(r'^register/$', views.RegistrationView.as_view()),

    # endpoints
    url(r'^todos/$', views.TodosView.as_view()),
    url(r'^todos/(?P<todo_id>[0-9]*)$', views.TodosView.as_view()),

    # API authentication
    # TODO
    url(r'^oauth2/', include('provider.oauth2.urls', namespace='oauth2')),
    url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
)

And this is the error that I get when I try to use python manage.py syncdb

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 114, in create
    cls = getattr(mod, cls_name)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'oauth2'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 312, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 85, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 119, in create
    import_module(entry)
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2226, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1471, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Users/user1/PycharmProjects/todo/my_env/lib/python3.4/site-packages/provider/oauth2/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    import backends
ImportError: No module named 'backends'

Can someone advice, what is the problem here?

Answer 1

django-oauth2-provider is written in python 2, not compatible with your python 3.4

Answer 2

Add this line to INSTALLED_APPS

'rest_framework',

Answer 3

First you need to import sys package from python:

 import sys

Then go to the top line of the file:

 sys.path.append("..")

The final code will be like this:

import sys
sys.path.append("..")

That's it,I hope it works :)