list index out of range error in facial recognition

Question

I'm getting this error on the line that goes encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(image)[0]. As i am trying to get the first face it identifies. The code runs without the [0] but is stuck on the first image identification.

Here's the code:

import face_recognition
import os
import cv2


KNOWN_FACES_DIR = 'known_faces'
UNKNOWN_FACES_DIR = 'unknown_faces'
TOLERANCE = 0.6
FRAME_THICKNESS = 3
FONT_THICKNESS = 2
MODEL = 'cnn'  # default: 'hog', other one can be 'cnn' - CUDA accelerated (if available) deep-learning pretrained model


# Returns (R, G, B) from name
def name_to_color(name):
    # Take 3 first letters, tolower()
    # lowercased character ord() value rage is 97 to 122, substract 97, multiply by 8
    color = [(ord(c.lower())-97)*8 for c in name[:3]]
    return color


print('Loading known faces...')
known_faces = []
known_names = []

# We oranize known faces as subfolders of KNOWN_FACES_DIR
# Each subfolder's name becomes our label (name)
for name in os.listdir(KNOWN_FACES_DIR):

    # Next we load every file of faces of known person
    for filename in os.listdir(f'{KNOWN_FACES_DIR}/{name}'):

        # Load an image
        image = face_recognition.load_image_file(f'{KNOWN_FACES_DIR}/{name}/{filename}')

        # Get 128-dimension face encoding
        # Always returns a list of found faces, for this purpose we take first face only (assuming one face per image as you can't be twice on one image)
        encoding = face_recognition.face_encodings(image)[0]

        # Append encodings and name
        known_faces.append(encoding)
        known_names.append(name)


print('Processing unknown faces...')
# Now let's loop over a folder of faces we want to label
for filename in os.listdir(UNKNOWN_FACES_DIR):

    # Load image
    print(f'Filename {filename}', end='')
    image = face_recognition.load_image_file(f'{UNKNOWN_FACES_DIR}/{filename}')

    # This time we first grab face locations - we'll need them to draw boxes
    locations = face_recognition.face_locations(image, model=MODEL)

    # Now since we know loctions, we can pass them to face_encodings as second argument
    # Without that it will search for faces once again slowing down whole process
    encodings = face_recognition.face_encodings(image, locations)

    # We passed our image through face_locations and face_encodings, so we can modify it
    # First we need to convert it from RGB to BGR as we are going to work with cv2
    image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)

    # But this time we assume that there might be more faces in an image - we can find faces of dirrerent people
    print(f', found {len(encodings)} face(s)')
    for face_encoding, face_location in zip(encodings, locations):

        # We use compare_faces (but might use face_distance as well)
        # Returns array of True/False values in order of passed known_faces
        results = face_recognition.compare_faces(known_faces, face_encoding, TOLERANCE)

        # Since order is being preserved, we check if any face was found then grab index
        # then label (name) of first matching known face withing a tolerance
        match = None
        if True in results:  # If at least one is true, get a name of first of found labels
            match = known_names[results.index(True)]
            print(f' - {match} from {results}')

            # Each location contains positions in order: top, right, bottom, left
            top_left = (face_location[3], face_location[0])
            bottom_right = (face_location[1], face_location[2])

            # Get color by name using our fancy function
            color = name_to_color(match)

            # Paint frame
            cv2.rectangle(image, top_left, bottom_right, color, FRAME_THICKNESS)

            # Now we need smaller, filled grame below for a name
            # This time we use bottom in both corners - to start from bottom and move 50 pixels down
            top_left = (face_location[3], face_location[2])
            bottom_right = (face_location[1], face_location[2] + 22)

            # Paint frame
            cv2.rectangle(image, top_left, bottom_right, color, cv2.FILLED)

            # Wite a name
            cv2.putText(image, match, (face_location[3] + 10, face_location[2] + 15), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (200, 200, 200), FONT_THICKNESS)

    # Show image
    cv2.imshow(filename, image)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyWindow(filename)

Answer 1

You need to check the return value of face_recognition.face_encodings(image) and face_recognition.face_locations(image, model=MODEL). Maybe face_recognition was unable to detect any faces in the image.

Your code might look something like this.

encodings = face_recognition.face_encodings(image)
if len(encodings) > 0:

    # Append encodings and name
    known_faces.append(encodings[0])
    known_names.append(name)

locations = face_recognition.face_locations(image, model=MODEL)
if len(locations) == 0:
    # no images found
    continue

Answer 2

mostly its happen when image is too large or image recognition cant find the face for solving the problem resize the input and output image