laravel and phpunit: could not find driver (SQL: PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;)

Question

I have run my laravel app with phpunit. Everything is fine until at some point when I run my test again turns out with this error.

Illuminate\Database\QueryException: could not find driver (SQL: PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;)

Caused by
PDOException: could not find driver

Here's my phpunit.xml file:

<phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="./vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit.xsd"
     bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php"
     colors="true">
<testsuites>
    <testsuite name="Unit">
        <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Unit</directory>
    </testsuite>
    <testsuite name="Feature">
        <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Feature</directory>
    </testsuite>
</testsuites>
<filter>
    <whitelist processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist="true">
        <directory suffix=".php">./app</directory>
    </whitelist>
</filter>
<php>
    <server name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
    <server name="BCRYPT_ROUNDS" value="4"/>
    <server name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/>
    <server name="DB_CONNECTION" value="sqlite"/>
    <server name="DB_DATABASE" value=":memory:"/>
    <server name="MAIL_MAILER" value="array"/>
    <server name="QUEUE_CONNECTION" value="sync"/>
    <server name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/>
    <server name="TELESCOPE_ENABLED" value="false"/>
</php>

OS: Windows 10 | php version: PHP 7.4.11 | sqlite version: SQLite version 3.19.1

Does anyone encounter with this error in laravel 6 and phpunit?

Answer 1

This is actually happening after I upgraded my php version in laragon. The solution is to enable pdo_sqlite on php extension in laragon. That's it. This answer found here https://laracasts.com/discuss/channels/general-discussion/phpunit-sqlite-error-after-updating-laragon-pdoexception-could-not-find-driver

Answer 2

just enabling these two extension from php.ini file worked for me.

extension=pdo_sqlite

extension=sqlite3

Answer 3

If you use Ubuntu try this:

php --version
sudo apt-get install PHP (your php version)-sqlite3

This works for me.

https://laracasts.com/discuss/channels/laravel/sqlite-database-throw-error-could-not-find-driver-sql-pragma-foreign-keys-on

Answer 4

If you come across such an error,simply do the following;

1.run this command to install sqlite driver in your ubuntu or linux OS

sudo apt-get install php-sqlite3

2. You also need to enable pdo_sqlite extension in your php.ini too, check the path of your loaded .ini with the below command

   php --ini

3.Then check and verify that the pdo_sqlite extension is loaded.

php -m | grep pdo_sqlite

Then the error will be solved.

Answer 5

For those using windows;

Navigate to the php.ini file(-C:\php\php.ini)

Enable the following:

;extension=pdo_sqlite by removing the /;/ should look like this extension=pdo_sqlite

;extension=sqlite3 should be extension=sqlite3 without the ; symbol

Answer 6

PHP 8.1

sudo apt install php8.1-sqlite3

Note that it needs the 8.1 part!

Answer 7

At first uncomment ;extension=pdo_sqlite in php.ini in /etc/php/{your_php_version}/php.ini on Linux or C:\php\php.ini on Windows by removing the semicolon at the beginning.

then sudo service apache2 restart

then sudo apt-get install php-sqlite3

Answer 8

You need to install sqlite3 package in linux distro

sudo apt-get install php$(php -r 'echo PHP_MAJOR_VERSION.".".PHP_MINOR_VERSION;')-sqlite3  php-sqlite3

This command automatically install the sqlite3 package based on your current PHP version in your Linux distro.

Answer 9

In case if you have multiple versions of PHP in Laragon you will still see the error. The solution is to enable pdo_sqlite extension on all versions. The reason is that Laragon has its own PHP but Laravel uses the system PHP and you might not know which one is system PHP version.

Answer 10

This happens because PDO Sqlite is not enabled. to enable it in Laragon, just open Laragon click on menu > PHP > Extensions > pdo_sqlite That's it.

And if you don't use Laragon the solution might be different. Thanks

Answer 11

Just do the following changes on the php.ini file

extension_dir = "<php installation directory>/php-7.4.3/ext"
extension=php_pdo_sqlite.dll
extension=php_sqlite3.dll
sqlite3.extension_dir = "<php installation directory>/php-7.4.3/ext"

Answer 12

If You face this problem

(could not find driver (SQL: PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;))

You can simply run bellow command on your Ubuntu system

sudo apt-get install php-sqlite3

Also if you want to install specific version like php 8.1 simply run bellow command

sudo apt install php8.1-sqlite3

You might need to enable pdo_sqlite extension in your php.ini too, you can get the path of your loaded ini with the below command:

php --ini

simply add extension=pdo_sqlite to your php.ini and verify it is loaded by running

php -m | grep pdo_sqlite

I think it will help you.. Thanks