Is there a static_assert replacement which satisfies the C99 standard?

Question

I have been trying to implement a method similar to static_assert which is defined in the C++11 standard. The main problem is how does the C++ compiler write the text message being passed to static_assert as a const char*? I can get the compiler to write a message like A_is_not_POD. This is what I have:

#define MY_STATIC_ASSERT(condition, name)         \
   typedef char name[(condition) ? 1 : -1]; 

But it would be quite nice to get the compiler to write something like "Error: A is not POD." Any suggestions?

Answer 1

In the c99 standard there is no "official" way to perform a static assertion in your C++ compiler.

"The main problem is how does the C++ compiler write the text message being passed to static_assert as a const char*?"

The C++ compiler detects an error in the code and prints out an appropriate error message based on a standard list of messages it has for each error that is known it can encounter. In c99, the compiler doesn't know what a "static assert error" is, so you need to cause some other error.

However, because creating static asserts with a c99 compiler is kind of a hack, it is not capable of printing out a nice error message exactly how you want.

For your example,

#define MY_STATIC_ASSERT(condition, name)         \
    typedef char name[(condition) ? 1 : -1];
MY_STATIC_ASSERT(false, my_error_msg)

will trigger the "error: size of array ‘my_error_msg’ is negative" message in the gcc compiler (and should a similar message in other compilers, you hope!). Giving the array an error message for the name was a way to print out your own info. There are various other techniques/hacks you can do on purpose such as bad templates, enums link

Note: you can provide custom compiler messages prior to C++11 using pre-processor macros such as #error or #pragma. However pre-process time is not the same as compile-time! The the pre-processor has a limited ability to evaluate many expressions and keywords such as "if", "sizeof", "return" and so on have no meaning to the pre-processor, only the compiler. link with some overview

Answer 2

Not sure i understand question, but C11 have _Static_assert(condition, errmessage). In C99 this functionality was missing but, depending on compiler, it could be possible to emulate. E.g. for gcc (unfortulately clang doesn't support attribute(error))

#define MY_STATIC_ASSERT(cnd, descr) ({ \
    extern int __attribute__ ((error("static assert failed: (" #cnd ") (" #descr ")"))) \
               compile_time_check(void); \
    ((cnd) ? 0 : compile_time_check()), 0; \
})