The following code is working fine (some checking and code eliminated) at 44100 depth 2 which seems to be the default. Since this interface is usable, but not documented well, anyone know of how to change the default quality?
audioCaptureDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
audioInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:audioCaptureDevice error:&error];
[captureSession addInput:audioInput];
audioOutput = [[AVCaptureAudioDataOutput alloc] init];
[audioOutput setSampleBufferDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
[captureSession addOutput:audioOutput];
This should do the trick.
More here
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/AudioToolbox/Reference/AudioSessionServicesReference/Reference/reference.html