Import functions/subroutine into subclass

Question

I'm using Moops and I'd like something like this to work:

use Moops;

class A {
  fun f {
    print "yay,f!\n";
  }
}

class B extends A {
  fun g {
    f();
  }
}
B->g(); # should print 'yay, f!'

Instead this yields:

Undefined subroutine &B::f called at static-functions-lexical-scope.pl line 11.

I can "fix" this by inheriting from Exporter in A and a use statement in B like so:

class A extends Exporter {
  our @EXPORT = qw(f);
  fun f {
    print "yay,f!\n";
  }
}

class B extends A {
  use A;
  fun g {
    f();
  }
}

This seem a bit unwieldy, but it gets worse if A is defined in another file. Then I'd have to add a second use A (require won't do) outside of B like so:

use  A;
class B extends A {
  use A;
  fun g {
    f();
  }
}

Is there a way to make lexical inclusion (of exported) functions work more elegantly?

Answer 1

First, thanks for using Moops! :-)

Second, it's probably a bad idea to name classes "B" in tests and examples. There's a module called B that comes with Perl, and Moops actually uses it!

Coming to your actual question, generally speaking with classes, you should be thinking method rather than fun. Method calls respect inheritance; function calls don't.

use Moops;

class AAA {
  method f {
    say "yay,f!";
  }
}

class BBB extends AAA {
  method g {
    $self->f;
  }
}

BBB->g;

Outputs:

yay,f!

If you want a library of convenience functions to be available in both AAA and BBB then, split those convenience functions into a separate package:

use Moops;

namespace MyUtils {
  use Exporter::Shiny qw( f );
  fun f {
    say "yay,f!";
  }
}

class AAA {
  use MyUtils -all;
  method m1 {
    f();
  }
}

class BBB extends AAA {
  use MyUtils -all;
  method m2 {
    f();
  }
}

BBB->m1;
BBB->m2;

Outputs:

yay,f!
yay,f!

You can even go a bit further and extend Moops from within. The following example defines a :utils trait that can be added to classes:

use Moops;

namespace MyUtils {
  use Exporter::Shiny qw( f );
  fun f {
    say "yay,f!";
  }
}

role Moops::TraitFor::Keyword::utils {
   around generate_package_setup {
     return (
       $self->$next(@_),
       'use MyUtils -all;',
     );
   }
}

class AAA :utils {
  method m1 {
    f();
  }
}

class BBB extends AAA :utils {
  method m2 {
    f();
  }
}

BBB->m1;
BBB->m2;

Same output as previous example.