How to speed up creating an SQL table? RSQLite, 20 billion rows

Question

I'm using SQLite with R (the package RSQLite). The following after importing rSQLite, I'm trying to pipe 500 GB of data into an SQL table with the standard following command:

CREATE TABLE name (
 field1 INTEGER,
 field2 VARCHAR,
 field3 INTEGER,
 field4 INTEGER,
 field5 VARCHAR,
 ); 

However, this takes approximately 3 weeks to complete. How does one speed this up? Are other options commonly used?

I am trying to perform around 100 queries under one second on 20 billion rows, 5 columns. I am not using multiple commodity machines, but rather a single HPC server with 200 threads and 1 TB RAM. What would be the correct approach?