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How to solve the “failed to lazily initialize a collection of role” Hibernate exception

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This is the exception:

org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: mvc3.model.Topic.comments, no session or session was closed

Here is the model:

@Entity
@Table(name = "T_TOPIC")
public class Topic {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
    private int id;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name="USER_ID")
    private User author;

    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)    
    private Tag topicTag;

    private String name;
    private String text;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "topic", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private Collection<Comment> comments = new LinkedHashSet<Comment>();

    ...

    public Collection<Comment> getComments() {
           return comments;
    }

}

The controller, which calls model looks like the following:

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/topic")
public class TopicController {

    @Autowired
    private TopicService service;

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TopicController.class);
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/details/{topicId}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView details(@PathVariable(value="topicId") int id) {
    
        Topic topicById = service.findTopicByID(id);
        Collection<Comment> commentList = topicById.getComments();
    
        Hashtable modelData = new Hashtable();
        modelData.put("topic", topicById);
        modelData.put("commentList", commentList);
    
        return new ModelAndView("/topic/details", modelData);       
     }
}

The jsp-page looks li the following:

<%@page import="com.epam.mvc3.helpers.Utils"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%@ page session="false" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>View Topic</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <ul>
            <c:forEach items="${commentList}" var="item">
                <jsp:useBean id="item" type="mvc3.model.Comment"/>
                <li>${item.getText()}</li>
            </c:forEach>
        </ul>
    </body>
</html>

The exception is raised when viewing the jsp. In the line with c:forEach loop

java spring-mvc jsp hibernateexception
Original Q&A
34

There are 34 answers

21
darrengorman On BEST ANSWER

If you know that you'll want to see all Comments every time you retrieve a Topic then change your field mapping for comments to:

@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, mappedBy = "topic", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private Collection<Comment> comments = new LinkedHashSet<Comment>();

Collections are lazy-loaded by default, take a look at this if you want to know more.

2
Elcin ABD On

I found out that declaring @PersistenceContext as EXTENDED also solves this problem:

@PersistenceContext(type = PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED)
1
saneryee On

The reason is that when you use lazy load, the session is closed.

There are two solutions.

  1. Don't use lazy load.

    Set lazy=false in XML or Set @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER) In annotation.

  2. Use lazy load.

    Set lazy=true in XML or Set @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY) In annotation.

    and add OpenSessionInViewFilter filter in your web.xml

Detail See my POST.

0
cnmuc On

In my case the problem was passing a detached entity to a component (even annotated with @Transactional) within a test case. So after reloading the entity it worked:

@Entity
class Entity {
   @ElementCollection
   @BatchSize(size = 10)
   private List<String> strings;
}

@Component
@Transactional
class MyTestComponent {

   public String method(Entity detachedEntity) {
      // reloading the entity fixed it
      Entity entity = entityRepository.findById(detachedEntity.getId());
      // detachedEntity.getStrings(); caused the problem
      entity.getStrings(); 
   }
}
0
Avihai Marchiano On

your list is lazy loading, so the list wasn't loaded. call to get on the list is not enough. use in Hibernate.initialize in order to init the list. If dosnt work run on the list element and call Hibernate.initialize for each . this need to be before you return from the transaction scope. look at this post.
search for - 

Node n = // .. get the node
Hibernate.initialize(n); // initializes 'parent' similar to getParent.
Hibernate.initialize(n.getChildren()); // pass the lazy collection into the session
4
Boris On

From my experience, I have the following methods to solve the famous LazyInitializationException:

(1) Use Hibernate.initialize

Hibernate.initialize(topics.getComments());

(2) Use JOIN FETCH

You can use the JOIN FETCH syntax in your JPQL to explicitly fetch the child collection out. This is somehow like EAGER fetching.

(3) Use OpenSessionInViewFilter

LazyInitializationException often occurs in the view layer. If you use Spring framework, you can use OpenSessionInViewFilter. However, I do not suggest you to do so. It may lead to performance issues if not used correctly.

0
GMK On

In order to lazy load a collection there must be an active session. In a web app there are two ways to do this. You can use the Open Session In View pattern, where you use an interceptor to open the session at the beginning of the request and close it at the end. The risk there is that you have to have solid exception handling or you could bind up all your sessions and your app could hang.

The other way to handle this is to collect all the data you need in your controller, close your session, and then stuff the data into your model. I personally prefer this approach, as it seems a little closer to the spirit of the MVC pattern. Also if you get an error from the database this way you can handle it a lot better than if it happens in your view renderer. Your friend in this scenario is Hibernate.initialize(myTopic.getComments()). You will also have to reattach the object to the session, since you're creating a new transaction with every request. Use session.lock(myTopic,LockMode.NONE) for that.

1
javaboygo On

If you are trying to have a relation between a entity and a Collection or a List of java objects (for example Long type), it would like something like this:

@ElementCollection(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    public List<Long> ids;
0
Farhan stands with Palestine On

In my case, I had the mapping b/w A and B like

A has 

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "a", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
Set<B> bs;

in the DAO layer, the method needs to be annotated with @Transactional if you haven't annotated the mapping with Fetch Type - Eager

0
Mario Biasi On

To solve the problem in my case it was just missing this line

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="myTxManager" />

in the application-context file.

The @Transactional annotation over a method was not taken into account.

Hope the answer will help someone

0
Alex On

By using the hibernate @Transactional annotation, if you get an object from the database with lazy fetched attributes, you can simply get these by fetching these attributes like this :

@Transactional
public void checkTicketSalePresence(UUID ticketUuid, UUID saleUuid) {
        Optional<Ticket> savedTicketOpt = ticketRepository.findById(ticketUuid);
        savedTicketOpt.ifPresent(ticket -> {
            Optional<Sale> saleOpt = ticket.getSales().stream().filter(sale -> sale.getUuid() == saleUuid).findFirst();
            assertThat(saleOpt).isPresent();
        });
}

Here, in an Hibernate proxy-managed transaction, the fact of calling ticket.getSales() do another query to fetch sales because you explicitly asked it.

3
sreekmatta On

One of the best solutions is to add the following in your application.properties file: spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.enable_lazy_load_no_trans=true

0
vsharma On

There are multiple solution for this Lazy Initialisation issue -

1) Change the association Fetch type from LAZY to EAGER but this is not a good practice because this will degrade the performance.

2) Use FetchType.LAZY on associated Object and also use Transactional annotation in your service layer method so that session will remain open and when you will call topicById.getComments(), child object(comments) will get loaded.

3) Also, please try to use DTO object instead of entity in controller layer. In your case, session is closed at controller layer. SO better to convert entity to DTO in service layer.

0
Mohammed Javad On

Not the best solution, but for those who are facing LazyInitializationException especially on Serialization this will help. Here you will check lazily initialized properties and setting null to those. For that create the below class

public class RepositoryUtil {
    public static final boolean isCollectionInitialized(Collection<?> collection) {
        if (collection instanceof PersistentCollection)
            return ((PersistentCollection) collection).wasInitialized();
        else 
            return true;
    }   
}

Inside your Entity class which you are having lazily initialized properties add a method like shown below. Add all your lazily loading properties inside this method.

public void checkLazyIntialzation() {
    if (!RepositoryUtil.isCollectionInitialized(yourlazyproperty)) {
        yourlazyproperty= null;
    }

Call this checkLazyIntialzation() method after on all the places where you are loading data. 

 YourEntity obj= entityManager.find(YourEntity.class,1L);
  obj.checkLazyIntialzation();
4
Domingo Gallardo On

The problem is caused because the code is accessing a lazy JPA relation when the "connection" to the database is closed (persistence context is the correct name in terms of Hibernate/JPA).

A simple way of solving it in Spring Boot is by defining a service layer and using the @Transactional annotation. This annotation in a method creates a transaction that propagates into the repository layer and keeps open the persistence context until the method finish. If you access the collection inside the transactional method Hibernate/JPA will fetch the data from the database.

In your case, you just need to annotate with @Transactional the method findTopicByID(id) in your TopicService and force the fetch of the collection in that method (for instance, by asking its size):

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public Topic findTopicById(Long id) {
        Topic topic = TopicRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
        topic.getComments().size();
        return topic;
    }
1
user9869932 On

I got this error after a second execution of a method to generate a JWT token.

The line user.getUsersRole().stream().forEachOrdered((ur) -> roles.add(ur.getRoleId())); generated the error.

// MyUserDetails.java

@Service
public class MyUserDetails implements UserDetailsService {

  @Override
  public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String email) {

    /* ERROR
    /* org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to 
    /* lazily initialize a collection of role: 
    /* com.organizator.backend.model.User.usersRole, 
    /* could not initialize proxy - no Session */
    user.getUsersRole().stream().forEachOrdered((ur) ->
           roles.add(ur.getRoleId()));

In my case the @Transactional annotation solved it,

// MyUserDetails.java

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class MyUserDetails implements UserDetailsService {

  @Override
  @Transactional // <-- added
  public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String email) {

    /* No Error */
    user.getUsersRole().stream().forEachOrdered((ur) ->
           roles.add(ur.getRoleId()));
0
tolgayilmaz On

it was the problem i recently faced which i solved with using 

<f:attribute name="collectionType" value="java.util.ArrayList" />

more detailed decription here and this saved my day.

0
kiedysktos On

In my case following code was a problem:

entityManager.detach(topicById);
topicById.getComments() // exception thrown

Because it detached from the database and Hibernate no longer retrieved list from the field when it was needed. So I initialize it before detaching:

Hibernate.initialize(topicById.getComments());
entityManager.detach(topicById);
topicById.getComments() // works like a charm
3
abentan On

The problem is caused by accessing an attribute with the hibernate session closed. You have not a hibernate transaction in the controller.

Possible solutions:

  1. Do all this logic, in the service layer, (with the @Transactional), not in the controller. There should be the right place to do this, it is part of the logic of the app, not in the controller (in this case, an interface to load the model). All the operations in the service layer should be transactional. i.e.: Move this line to the TopicService.findTopicByID method:

    Collection commentList = topicById.getComments();

  2. Use 'eager' instead of 'lazy'. Now you are not using 'lazy' .. it is not a real solution, if you want to use lazy, works like a temporary (very temporary) workaround.

  3. use @Transactional in the Controller. It should not be used here, you are mixing service layer with presentation, it is not a good design.
  4. use OpenSessionInViewFilter, many disadvantages reported, possible instability.

In general, the best solution is the 1.

8
sarbuLopex On

I know it's an old question but I want to help. You can put the transactional annotation on the service method you need, in this case findTopicByID(id) should have

@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=true, noRollbackFor=Exception.class)

more info about this annotation can be found here

About the other solutions:

fetch = FetchType.EAGER

is not a good practice, it should be used ONLY if necessary.

Hibernate.initialize(topics.getComments());

The hibernate initializer binds your classes to the hibernate technology. If you are aiming to be flexible is not a good way to go.

Hope it helps

0
Balu On

This is an old question but the below information may help people looking for an answer to this.

@VladMihalcea 's answer is useful. You must not rely on FetchType.EAGER , instead you should load the comments into the Topic entity when required.

If you are not explicitly defining your queries so that you could specify a join fetch, then using @NamedEntityGraph and @EntityGraph you could override the FetchType.LAZY (@OneToMany associations use LAZY by default) at runtime and load the comments at the same time as the Topic only when required. Which means that you restrict loading the comments to only those methods (queries) which really require that. An entity graph as JPA defines it:

An entity graph can be used with the find method or as a query hint to override or augment FetchType semantics.

You could use it based on the JPA example here. Alternatively, if you use Spring Data JPA, then you could use it based on the example provided by Spring.

7
Gandalf On

The origin of your problem:

By default hibernate lazily loads the collections (relationships) which means whenver you use the collection in your code(here comments field in Topic class) the hibernate gets that from database, now the problem is that you are getting the collection in your controller (where the JPA session is closed).This is the line of code that causes the exception (where you are loading the comments collection): 

    Collection<Comment> commentList = topicById.getComments();

You are getting "comments" collection (topic.getComments()) in your controller(where JPA session has ended) and that causes the exception. Also if you had got the comments collection in your jsp file like this(instead of getting it in your controller): 

<c:forEach items="topic.comments" var="item">
//some code
</c:forEach>

You would still have the same exception for the same reason.

Solving the problem:

Because you just can have only two collections with the FetchType.Eager(eagerly fetched collection) in an Entity class and because lazy loading is more efficient than eagerly loading, I think this way of solving your problem is better than just changing the FetchType to eager:

If you want to have collection lazy initialized, and also make this work, it is better to add this snippet of code to your web.xml :

<filter>
    <filter-name>SpringOpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>SpringOpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

What this code does is that it will increase the length of your JPA session or as the documentation says, it is used "to allow for lazy loading in web views despite the original transactions already being completed." so this way the JPA session will be open a bit longer and because of that you can lazily load collections in your jsp files and controller classes.

0
velis On

For those working with Criteria, I found that 

criteria.setFetchMode("lazily_fetched_member", FetchMode.EAGER);

did everything I needed had done.

Initial fetch mode for collections is set to FetchMode.LAZY to provide performance, but when I need the data, I just add that line and enjoy the fully populated objects.

6
Vlad Mihalcea On

The best way to handle the LazyInitializationException is to join fetch upon query time, like this:

select t
from Topic t
left join fetch t.comments

You should ALWAYS avoid the following anti-patterns:

Therefore, make sure that your FetchType.LAZY associations are initialized at query time or within the original @Transactional scope using Hibernate.initialize for secondary collections.

0
aristotll On

Yet another way to do the thing, you can use TransactionTemplate to wrap around the lazy fetch. Like 

Collection<Comment> commentList = this.transactionTemplate.execute
(status -> topicById.getComments());
0
degr On

To get rid of lazy initialization exception you should not call for lazy collection when you operate with detached object.

From my opinion, best approach is to use DTO, and not entity. In this case you can explicitly set fields which you want to use. As usual it's enough. No need to worry that something like jackson ObjectMapper, or hashCode generated by Lombok will call your methods implicitly.

For some specific cases you can use @EntityGrpaph annotation, which allow you to make eager load even if you have fetchType=lazy in your entity.

0
Yuci On

The collection comments in your model class Topic is lazily loaded, which is the default behaviour if you don't annotate it with fetch = FetchType.EAGER specifically.

It is mostly likely that your findTopicByID service is using a stateless Hibernate session. A stateless session does not have the first level cache, i.e., no persistence context. Later on when you try to iterate comments, Hibernate will throw an exception.

org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: mvc3.model.Topic.comments, no session or session was closed

The solution can be:

  1. Annotate comments with fetch = FetchType.EAGER

    @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, mappedBy = "topic", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)   
private Collection<Comment> comments = new LinkedHashSet<Comment>();

  2. If you still would like comments to be lazily loaded, use Hibernate's stateful sessions, so that you'll be able to fetch comments later on demand.

0
vic On

Hi All posting quite late hope it helps others, Thanking in advance to @GMK for this post Hibernate.initialize(object)

when Lazy="true"

Set<myObject> set=null;
hibernateSession.open
set=hibernateSession.getMyObjects();
hibernateSession.close();

now if i access 'set' after closing session it throws exception.

My solution :

Set<myObject> set=new HashSet<myObject>();
hibernateSession.open
set.addAll(hibernateSession.getMyObjects());
hibernateSession.close();

now i can access 'set' even after closing Hibernate Session.

0
Michael Goppelt On

In my Spring-Boot project spring.jpa.open-in-view was set to false in application.properties. Setting it to true solved the problem.

9
RuiZhi Wang On 
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/topic")
@Transactional

I solved this problem by adding @Transactional, I think this can open a session.

0
xilef On

I was getting this error in a spring boot integration test while trying to log the result of a JPA repository findAll(). Adding @Transactional to the test method fixed it.

log.debug("entities {}", userRepository.findAll());

1
aditya lath On

The reason is you are trying to get the commentList on your controller after closing the session inside the service.

topicById.getComments();

Above will load the commentList only if your hibernate session is active, which I guess you closed in your service.

So, you have to get the commentList before closing the session.

1
karan patel On

Two things you should have for fetch = FetchType.LAZY.

@Transactional

and

Hibernate.initialize(topicById.getComments());
5
Xcoder On

@Transactional annotation on controller is missing

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
@Transactional
public class UserController {
}

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