Having third-party (3rd party) cookies disabled
remove all cookies
login to gmail.com
visit youtube.com without logging in
and wonder how is it that youtube.com knows your gmail identity ??
Can anyone explain how this is achieved technically and what is the point then of disabling 3rd party cookies??
In this (somewhat special/simple) case I would expect the answer to be that you are not really confronted with 3rd party cookies. I assume by 3rd party cookie you mean a cookie that is coming from a different domain than the site you are visiting.
For example a "gmail.com" cookie when you are visiting "youtube.com".
I would be surprised if Google would not set a cookie for "google.com" when you log in to Gmail (login is via "accounts.google.com" for example).
Now if (and again, I am pretty sure that this happens) youtube is loading anything from google.com (analytics.google.com?), that will happily transfer the cookie (which in this case is not a 3rd party cookie as we have defined it before).