The following GreaseMonkey/ViolentMonkey/Tampermonkey userscript adds a CLICK anchor next to the Gmail logo.
// ==UserScript==
// @name CSP test
// @namespace Violentmonkey Scripts
// @match *://mail.google.com/*
// @grant none
// ==/UserScript==
function addAnchor(){
let myanchor = document.createElement("A");
myanchor.appendChild(document.createTextNode("CLICK"));
myanchor.setAttribute("href", "javascript:sampleFunc(this)");
document.querySelectorAll('div[class="gb_xc gb_Ce"]')[1].appendChild(myanchor);
}
function sampleFunc(elt){ alert("Just an alert"); }
setTimeout(addAnchor, 4000);
In theory, clicking should cause an alert message; in practice, as from the browser console, the alert is blocked by:
Content Security Policy: The page's settings blocked the loading of a resource at inline ("script-src").
I have run the userscript with Firefox 79 and ViolentMonkey 2.12.7.
As suggested by wOxxOm, adding a click event listener (rather than a JavaScript link) works: