It seems that Erlang introduced maps in version R17A.
But, if I go to the downloads page, I only see version 17.5, there's no version R17A.
So, is it released and stable yet? Does the latest stable Erlang has Map support?
Correct Erlang Map is rather recent. It's introduced under EEP43 https://www.erlang.org/erlang-enhancement-proposals/eep-0043.html
In fact, Map addresses a number of issues with record. The EEP explains them.
Yes, since the release version R17 - somewhere early 2014 - Erlang supports maps. You can read all about it at http://learnyousomeerlang.com/maps. You should go for the latest release, being 17.5.