DICOM and the Image Position Patient

Question

I am trying to figure out if DICOM Image Position (0020,0032) is an absolute coordinate or just the coordinates for whatever slice orientation I have?

For example, I have two planes, a sagittal and a coronal plane interleaved with respective Image Positions in mm in the form of (x,y,z) from the DICOM header. My question, is the (x,y,z) coordinate for the sagittal plane in the same 3D space as the (x,y,z) coordinate for the coronal plane or are the Image Position values specific for that plane only.

So, is the Image Position referenced off some absolute origin point or is changed for each specific image orientation?

Many thanks!

Answer 1

Image Position (Patient) (0020,0032) specifies the origin of the image with respect to the patient-based coordinate system and patient based coordinate system is a right handed system. All three orthogonal planes should share the same Frame of Reference UID (0020,0052) to be spatially related to each other.

Answer 2

Yes, the image position (0020,0032) coordinates are absolute coordinates. They are relative to an origin point called the "frame of reference". It doesn't matter where the frame of reference is, but for CT/MRI scanners you can think of it as a fixed point for that particular scanner, relative to the scanner table (the table moves the patient through the scanner, so the frame of reference has to move too - otherwise the z-coodinates wouldn't change!)

What's important when comparing two images is not where the frame of reference is, but whether the same frame of reference is being used. If they are from the same scanner then they probably will be, but the way to check is whether the Frame of Reference UID (0020,0052) is the same.

A few things to note: if you have a stack of 2D slices then the Image Position tag contains the coordinates of the CENTRE of the first voxel of the 2D SLICE (not the whole stack of slices). So it will be different for each slice.

Even if two orthogonal planes line up at an edge, the Image Position coordinates won't necessarily be the same because the voxel dimensions could be different, so the centre of the voxel on one plane isn't necessarily the same as the centre of the voxel on another plane.

Also, it's worth emphasising that the coordinates are relative in some way to the scanner, not to the patient. When your planes are all reconstructed from the same data then everything is consistent. But if two scans were taken at different times then the coordinates of patient features will not necessarily match up as the patient may have moved.

Answer 3

Yes, Image position is the absolute values of x, y, and z in the real-world coordinate system. In MRI we have three different coordinate systems. 1. Real-world coordinate system 2. logical coordinate system 3. anatomical coordinate system. sometimes they are referred with other names. There are heaps of names on the internet, but conceptually there are three of them.
To uniquely represent the status of the slice in the real world coordinate system we need to pinpoint its position and orientation.

The absolute x, y, and z of the first voxel that is transmitted (the one at the upper left corner of the slice) are considered as the image position. that's straightforward. But that is not enough. what if the slice is rotated? So we have to determine the orientation as well. To do that, we consider the first row and column of the image and calculate the cosine of their angles with respect to the main axes of the coordinate system as the image orientation.

Knowing these conventions, by looking at the image position (0020, 0032) and image orientation (0020, 0037) we can precisely pinpoint the slice in the real-world coordinate system.