Could not deduce KnownNat in two existentials with respect to the singletons library

Question

I was experimenting with the singletons library and I found a case that I don't understand.

{-# LANGUAGE GADTs, StandaloneDeriving, RankNTypes, ScopedTypeVariables,
FlexibleInstances, KindSignatures, DataKinds, StandaloneDeriving  #-}

import Data.Singletons.Prelude
import Data.Singletons.TypeLits

data Foo (a :: Nat) where
 Foo :: Foo a
  deriving Show

data Thing where
  Thing :: KnownNat a => Foo a -> Thing

deriving instance Show Thing

afoo1 :: Foo 1
afoo1 = Foo 

afoo2 :: Foo 2
afoo2 = Foo 

athing :: Thing
athing = Thing afoo1

foolen :: forall n. KnownNat n => Foo n -> Integer
foolen foo =
  case sing of (SNat :: Sing n) -> natVal (Proxy :: Proxy n)


minfoo :: forall a b c. (Min a b ~ c, KnownNat c) => Foo a -> Foo b -> Integer
minfoo _ _ = 
  let c = case sing of (SNat :: Sing c) -> natVal (Proxy :: Proxy c)
  in natVal (Proxy :: Proxy c)

thinglen :: Thing -> Integer
thinglen (Thing foo) = foolen foo 

I could use this to get the minimum of two Things

minthing :: Thing -> Thing -> Integer
minthing (Thing foo1) (Thing foo2) = min (foolen foo1) (foolen foo2)

But why can't I just do this?

minthing' :: Thing -> Thing -> Integer
minthing' (Thing foo1) (Thing foo2) = minfoo foo1 foo2

• Could not deduce (KnownNat
                      (Data.Singletons.Prelude.Ord.Case_1627967386
                         a
                         a1
                         (Data.Singletons.Prelude.Ord.Case_1627967254
                            a a1 (GHC.TypeLits.CmpNat a a1))))

Answer 1

You need to do some theorem proving to check that given KnownNat a and KnownNat b you can get KnownNat (Min a b). A possible solution:

import Data.Constraint

(...)

theorem :: forall a b. (KnownNat a, KnownNat b) =>
           Sing a -> Sing b -> Dict (KnownNat (Min a b))
theorem sa sb = case sCompare sa sb of
  SLT -> Dict
  SEQ -> Dict
  SGT -> Dict

fooSing :: forall a. KnownNat a => Foo a -> Sing a
fooSing _ = sing

minthing' :: Thing -> Thing -> Integer
minthing' (Thing foo1) (Thing foo2) =
  case theorem (fooSing foo1) (fooSing foo2) of
    Dict -> minfoo foo1 foo2

Answer 2

I feel like user3237465's comment needs to be immortalized because it removes the contraint library dependency and it's pretty neat.

minthing' :: Thing -> Thing -> Integer
minthing' (Thing foo1) (Thing foo2) =
  theorem (fooSing foo1) (fooSing foo2) $ minfoo foo1 foo2
  where
    fooSing :: KnownNat a => Foo a -> Sing a
    fooSing = const sing

theorem :: forall a b c. (KnownNat a, KnownNat b) =>
           Sing a -> Sing b -> (KnownNat (Min a b) => c) -> c
theorem sa sb c = case sCompare sa sb of
  SLT -> c
  SEQ -> c
  SGT -> c