I've scanned the API and found nothing so far. I'd take a PHAssetCollection for "Recently Deleted", or a way to fetch the individual PHAssets.
I'm not recommending (or disrecommending), but there are some solutions outside the API, and yet possibly still AppStore-passable:
You can use an undocumented smart album id for "Recently Deleted",
1000000201. See this SO question.You can filter on the text
"assetSource=3"inPHAsset.description, See this SO answer.